Forage fish of the Pacific Rim as revealed by diet of a piscivorous seabird: synchrony and relationships with sea surface temperature

نویسندگان

  • Julie A. Thayer
  • Douglas F. Bertram
  • Scott A. Hatch
  • Mark J. Hipfner
  • Leslie Slater
  • William J. Sydeman
  • Yutaka Watanuki
چکیده

We tested the hypothesis of synchronous interannual changes in forage fish dynamics around the North Pacific Rim. To do this, we sampled forage fish communities using a seabird predator, the rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata), at six coastal study sites from Japan to California. We investigated whether take of forage fishes was related to local marine conditions as indexed by sea surface temperature (SST). SST was concordant across sites in the eastern Pacific, but inversely correlated between east and west. Forage fish communities consisted of anchovy (Engraulis spp.), sandlance (Ammodytes spp.), capelin (Mallotus spp.), and juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.), among others, and take of forage fish varied in response to interannual and possibly lower-frequency oceanographic variability. Take of primary forage species were significantly related to changes in SST only at the eastern sites. We found synchrony in interannual variation of primary forage fishes across several regions in the eastern Pacific, but no significant east–west correlations. Specifically in the Japan Sea, factors other than local SST or interannual variability may more strongly influence forage fishes. Predator diet sampling offers a fishery-independent, large-scale perspective on forage fish dynamics that may be difficult to obtain using conventional means of study. Résumé : Nous testons l’hypothèse qui veut qu’il y ait des changements interannuels synchrones dans les dynamiques des poissons fourrage autour de la bordure du Pacifique Nord. C’est pourquoi nous avons échantillonné les peuplements de poissons fourrage à l’aide d’un oiseau marin prédateur, le macareux rhinocéros (Cerorhinca monocerata), à six sites d’étude côtiers du Japon à la Californie. Nous avons vérifié si les captures de poissons fourrage sont reliées aux conditions marines locales, telles que représentées par la température de surface de la mer (SST). Les SST s’accordent d’un site à l’autre dans l’est du Pacifique, mais il y a une corrélation inverse entre l’est et l’ouest. Les peuplements de poissons fourrage consistent, entre autres, d’anchois (Engraulis spp.), de lançons (Ammodytes spp.), de capelans (Mallotus spp.) et de jeunes sébastes (Sebastes spp.) et la capture de poissons fourrage varie en réaction à la variabilité océanographique interannuelle ou aussi peut-être de fréquence moins élevée. La capture de poissons fourrage principaux est en corrélation significative avec SST seulement dans les sites de l’est. Nous observons un synchronisme dans la variation interannuelle des poissons fourrage principaux entre plusieurs régions de l’est du Pacifique, mais aucune corrélation significative entre l’est et l’ouest. Tout particulièrement dans la mer du Japon, des facteurs autres que la SST locale et la variabilité interannuelle peuvent influencer plus fortement les poissons fourrage. L’échantillonnage du régime alimentaire des prédateurs permet d’obtenir, indépendamment de la pêche commerciale, une perspective à grande échelle de la dynamique des poissons fourrage qu’il serait peut-être difficile d’acquérir par les méthodes d’étude conventionnelles. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Received 30 March 2007. Accepted 8 November 2007. Published on the NRC Research Press Web site at cjfas.nrc.ca on 12 July 2008. J19924 J.A. Thayer.1 Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Marine Ecology Division, PRBO Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive #11, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA. D.F. Bertram2,3 and M.J. Hipfner.3 Centre for Wildlife Ecology, Simon Fraser University and the Canadian Wildlife Service, RR#1 5421 Robertson Road, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. S.A. Hatch.3 US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 1011 East Tudor Road, Anchorage, AK 99503, USA. L. Slater.3 US Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, 95 Sterling Highway, Suite 1, Homer, AK 99603, USA. W.J. Sydeman. , Marine Ecology Division, PRBO Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive #11, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA. Y. Watanuki.3 Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato-cho, Hakodate, Japan. 1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]). 2Present address: Canadian Wildlife Service, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. 3Co-authors are listed in alphabetical order. 4Present address: Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, P.O. Box 750756, Petaluma, CA 94975, USA. 1610 Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 65: 1610–1622 (2008) doi:10.1139/F08-076 # 2008 NRC Canada 3 4

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تاریخ انتشار 2008